The ability to determine the directions of the world is the basis of good orientation in the field. Therefore, the compass is the most important device, who takes his way. A watch is also necessary, which also allows you to mark the direction, as well as estimating the distance traveled, measuring the passing of time, and determining the average movement speed. The ability to record the distance traveled and the ability to determine the directions of the world facilitate the journey. We know many different types of compass; They all use the Earth's magnetic field. With no compass, you can mark the directions of the world with the help of stars and the sun, or observing animals or plants.
Kompasy
The compass magnetic needle is indicated by the northern and southern magnetic pole of the Earth. You can imagine, that there is a giant bars in the middle of the earth, whose ends are directed north and south. The lines of the earthly magnetic field come out of them, which set magnetic poles. We know many different types of compass. The infantry going on a further journey should always have a pocket compass with him. As a basic device, however, it is best to use a compass with an angel meter, For example, such as shown below. There are also compasses with a built -in prism, which clearly and very accurately show the geographical location. Some of them are still equipped with mirrors. However, such instruments are expensive. For the marking of the world and orientation in the field, a regular compass with an angel meter is enough, which is easy to use, So it's harder to make a mistake.
Compass with protratoor (camperin)
The arrow shows, what direction to take, When the magnetic needle is placed in a north-south position. There are measures on the compass for maps with different divisions. In parallel, the lines on the shield allow you to orientate the compass, According to the cartographic network of the map. The geographical location is read from the compass shield.
Such a device allows you to determine the geographical location on the map without having to move it from place to place. You no longer have to take a separate protractor with you and make arithmetic calculations, To set the right direction of travel.
Provisional compass
If a piece of metal with ferromagnetic properties we freely hang, It will turn like this, that it will take the location in the north-south axis. This is the result of the impact of the earthly magnetic field. This phenomenon can be used by making a makeshift compass by magnetizing a piece of metal.
1 Magnetize the needle for sewing by pulling it several times in one direction after a piece of silk, For example, a silk scarf. In this way, an electrostatic charge accumulates on the needle.
2 Take a bowl of water. Lay the grass on the surface of the water. On her, Like a raft, arrange the needle. After some time, the needle will be placed in a position indicating the north-south axis.
3 When the needle stops spinning, determine, where is the north using other methods (see page next) and mark the end indicating this direction on the needle. From then on, the needle can serve as a compass.
Compass making
In an emergency, you can make a makeshift compass from a razor, instead of a needle. First, however, you have to take her, and with magnetization, be careful.
Razor compass – The razor blade is magnetized as the needle and hangs on the thread, so that she can rotate freely. The magnetized metal will set up in the north-south axis.
Compass with protratoor (camperin)
Compass making
